EXPLAIN ABOUT PRONOUN

Pronoun
In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.

PRONOUN RULES

·         Subject pronouns may be used to begin sentences. For example: We did a great job.

·      Subject pronouns may also be used to rename the subject. For example: It was she who decided we should go to Hawaii.

·   Indefinite pronouns don’t have antecedents. They are capable of standing on their own. For example: No one likes the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard.

·    Object pronouns are used as direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. These include: you, me, him, her, us, them, and it. For example: David talked to her about the mistake.

·   Possessive pronouns show ownership. They do not need apostrophes. For example: The cat washed its whiskers.

           

A.       PERSONAL PRONOUNS :      

            

Personal pronouns have the following characteristics :

1.      three persons (points of view)

·         1st person - the one(s) speaking  (I  me my  mine  we  us our ours) 

·         2nd person - the one(s) spoken to  (you your yours)

·         3rd person - the one(s) spoken about  (he  him  his  she her hers  it  its  they  their  theirs) 

             Examples

2.      three genders

·         feminine  (she  her  hers)

·         masculine (he  him  his)

·         neuter  (it its  they them their theirs) 

          Examples

3.      two numbers

·         singular (I  me  my  mine  you  your  yours  he  him  his  she  her  hers it its)

·         plural  (we  us  our  ours  you  your yours  they  them  their  theirs) 

            Examples

4.      three cases

·         subjective (I  you  he  she  it  we  they)

·         possessive  (my  mine  your  yours  his  her  hers  our  ours  their  theirs)

·         objective   (me  you  him  her  it  us  them)

           Examples - subjective case

Examples - possessive case

          Examples - objective case

NOTE:  Because of pronoun case, the pronoun's form changes with its function in the

sentence. Follow this link to pronoun case for more information.

 

B.    DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS:

Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as determiners.

Example:

·         Hand me that hammer. (that describes the noun hammer) Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers:         Example:           ·         She wanted that much money? (that describes the adjective much)             C.    REFLEXIVE / INTENSIVE PRONOUNS :  THE "SELF" PRONOUNS        These pronouns can be used only to reflect or intensify a word already there in the sentence. Reflexive / intensive pronouns CANNOT REPLACE personal pronouns.                          Examples:                  ·         I saw myself  in the mirror. (Myself is a reflexive pronoun, reflecting the pronoun I.) ·         I’ll do it myself. (Myself is an intensive pronoun, intensifying the pronoun I.)                                     Note:  The following words are substandard and should not be used:                                         Theirselves, theirself, hisself, ourself                                        D.     INDEFINITE PRONOUNS : Singular:

one	someone	anyone	no one	everyone
each	somebody	anybody	nobody	everybody
(n)either	something	anything	nothing	everything

               

Examples:

·         Somebody is coming to dinner.

·         Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

    

       Plural:     

Examples:

·         Both are expected at the airport at the same time.

·         Several have suggested canceling the meeting.

Singular with non-countables / Plural with countables:

Examples:

·         Some of the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug.

·         Some of the trees have been weakened by the storm.

Indefinite pronouns use apostrophes to indicate possessive case.

Examples:

·         The accident is nobody’s fault.

·         How will the roadwork affect one's daily commute?

Some indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.

one, each, either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, most

Note the differences:

·         Each person has a chance.

(Each is a determiner describing person.)

·         Each has a chance.

(Each is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

·         Both lawyers pled their cases well.

(Both is a determiner describing  lawyers.)

·         Both were in the room.

(Both is an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)

E.    INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS:

Interrogative pronouns produce information questions that require more than a “yes” or “no” answer.

Examples:

·         What do you want?

·         Who is there?

A.    RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

Relative pronouns introduce relative (adjectival) clauses

Note:	·         Use who, whom, and whose to refer to people.
	·         Use that and which to refer to things.

Examples of Pronoun:

1.      I can smile without you

2.      You are queen of my heart

3.      Don’t wait for him

4.      Your box is very happy

5.      Our president is wise

6.      Those are their children

7.      I want to introduce my self

8.      Tom blamed himself for the accident

9.      Her cooking is too salty

10.  The cat scratches itself.